Since December 2019, there have been many cases of unexplained pneumonia in China and many other countries. The population spread quickly, and finally diagnosed as New Coronavirus pneumonia. This article briefly introduces the clinical characteristics and preventive measures of New Coronavirus pneumonia in order to popularize public knowledge of the disease and dispel doubts and fears in the minds of the masses.
What is 2019 New Coronavirus pneumonia?
Coronavirus is a large family of viruses, including many kinds of viruses. Most of them are harmless or less harmful. A few of them can cause serious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (mers). New Coronavirus is a new strain of coronavirus that has never been found in human body before. It was named 2019-nCoV by WHO in January 12, 2020. Pneumonia caused by it is called New Coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), and is named COVID-19 internationally. The virus is not strong in vitro, but sensitive to ultraviolet and heat. It can be effectively inactivated by ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine disinfectant, peracetic acid and chloroform at 56 ℃ for 30 minutes.
How does the new coronavirus spread
Patients infected by New Coronavirus can become the source of infection, and have the ability to infect others. The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplet transmission and contact transmission, and aerosol and fecal mouth also have the possibility of transmission. According to the epidemiological survey, most of the infected cases can be traced to the close contact with the confirmed cases. Droplet transmission refers to the infection caused by sneezing, coughing, speaking droplets and direct inhalation of exhaled gas; contact transmission refers to the infection caused by droplets deposited on the surface of objects, contacting contaminated hands, then contacting oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes; aerosol transmission refers to the infection caused by droplets mixed in the air to form aerosol after inhalation. People of all ages may be infected by the virus. Elderly and infirm people seem to be more susceptible to infection. Children and pregnant women are also susceptible to New Coronavirus infection. Therefore, these special groups in daily life should be more vigilant and do the necessary protection.
What symptoms will novel coronavirus pneumonia patients develop?
The incubation period of pneumonia caused by New Coronavirus infection is about 3-7 days. At first, the patient had fever, fatigue and dry cough. A few patients had nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, myalgia and diarrhea. The exacerbation of the disease could gradually appear dyspnea. In severe cases, infection could lead to severe respiratory failure and even death.
Four. Novel coronavirus pneumonia patients will have abnormal findings.
1) In the early stage of the disease, the total number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of the patients was normal or decreased, and the lymphocyte count was decreased. In some patients, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin were increased. In most patients, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased. In severe cases, D-dimer was increased, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were gradually decreased.

2) The samples of respiratory secretions, blood and feces were positive for virus nucleic acid, and the virus antibody was positive after the onset of the disease.

3) Chest imaging showed multiple small patchy shadows and interstitial changes, especially in the outer zone of the lung, which could progress to multiple ground glass shadows and pulmonary consolidation in both lungs.
How to diagnose novel coronavirus pneumonia
If there has been a recent history of residence in key areas, and a history of contact with confirmed or febrile people, there is a cluster of onset. Those with the above clinical symptoms and laboratory examination results are suspected cases. Further confirmation of the positive detection of New Coronavirus nucleic acid or virus specific antibody can be used for the diagnosis. If a suspected case has two negative New Coronavirus nucleic acid tests (at least 24 hours interval), and the virus specific antibody is still negative after 7 days of onset, the suspected case can be ruled out.
How to treat the novel coronavirus pneumonia
It is recommended to eat high protein foods (such as eggs, fish, lean meat, dairy products, etc.), maintain acid-base balance of water and electrolyte, closely monitor the condition, and inhale oxygen. According to the actual local medical conditions, α - interference, lopinavir / ritonavir, ribavirin, abidol and other drugs can be used for antiviral, and broad spectrum should be used with caution Antibiotics. For severe patients, high flow oxygen, noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy and blood purification therapy were given when necessary. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment (Lianhua Qingwen capsule, Shufeng Jiedu Capsule, etc.) also has certain curative effect on early disease.
How can we prevent it
How should we prevent the infection of New Coronavirus? We suggest that we should strengthen personal protection, avoid contacting wild animals, eliminate illness, go to work, meet parties, and seek medical advice in a timely manner.
1) Strengthen personal protection
① Wear masks when going out, especially to crowded public places, such as cinemas, Internet cafes, KTV, shopping malls, stations, airports, docks and exhibition halls.

② Do a good job in personal protection and hand hygiene. The family should prepare thermometer, mask, household disinfection products and other articles. Keep hands clean, wash hands with hand sanitizer or soapy water for at least 20 seconds after returning from public places, covering hands after coughing, and after defecating before meals, or use free hand sanitizer. When you are not sure if your hands are clean, avoid touching your mouth, nose and eyes. Don't spit, sneeze or cough, cover your mouth and nose with elbow clothing.

③ Keep good living habits. Clean and tidy room, frequently open windows, ventilate and disinfect regularly. Balanced diet, balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, full rest. The mouth and nose secretions should be wrapped with paper towel and discarded in the dustbin with cover. Take the initiative to do a good job in the health monitoring of individuals and family members, and take the initiative to measure the body temperature when consciously having a fever. If there is a child at home, you can often touch the child's forehead. If there is a fever, you should take the temperature for it.
2) Avoid contact with wild animals
① Avoid contact with livestock, wild animals and their excretions and secretions, and avoid purchasing live birds and wild animals.

② Avoid going to animal farms and slaughterhouses, live poultry markets or stalls, wildlife habitats or other places. When you have to go, you should protect yourself, especially the occupational exposed people.

③ Avoid eating wild animals. Don't eat sick animals and their products. Buy chilled poultry from regular channels. When eating poultry eggs and milk, fully cook them. When handling fresh products, separate the raw and cooked utensils and wash them in time to avoid cross contamination.
3) Put an end to work and party with illness
Such as fever, cough and other symptoms of respiratory tract infection, be sure to rest at home, do not go out and travel. When the weather is good, the room is ventilated. Please wear a mask when you contact others. To avoid sick to work, class and party.
4) In case of physical discomfort, please see a doctor in time
At present, people returning from travel in Wuhan, Northeast China, Guangdong, foreign and other key areas should choose the nearest hospital fever clinic according to their condition if they have symptoms of respiratory tract infection, such as fever and cough, and wear masks for treatment. Meanwhile, doctors should be informed whether they have similar patient or animal contact history, travel history, etc.
How does the public choose to wear masks
1) Wearing principle
① It is not necessary to wear masks in open and ventilated places in non epidemic areas, and it is necessary to wear masks in crowded or closed public places.

② It is recommended to wear disposable medical masks in open and ventilated places in high epidemic areas, and wear medical surgical masks in crowded or closed public places.

③ If you have suspected symptoms, you need to wear a medical surgical mask or above.

④ Patients with underlying respiratory diseases should use protective masks under the guidance of doctors. Young infants and young children can not wear masks, easy to cause suffocation.

⑤ Cotton gauze mask, sponge mask and activated carbon mask have no protective effect on preventing virus infection.

2) Recommended mask types and users
① Disposable medical mask: it is recommended that the public use it in non crowded public places.

② Medical surgical masks: the protective effect is better than disposable medical masks. It is recommended that suspected cases, passengers of public transport department, taxi drivers, sanitation workers, service personnel in public places should wear them during on duty.

③ Kn95 / N95 and above protective mask: the protective effect is better than medical surgical mask and disposable medical mask. It is recommended to be used by on-site investigation, sampling and testing personnel. The public can also wear it in highly crowded places or closed public places.

④ Medical protective mask (9132 or 1860): it is recommended to be worn by medical staff in fever clinic, isolation ward and confirmed patients when they are transferred.

At present, the number of patients diagnosed every day in the world is still increasing, and there are also local sporadic and aggregated cases in China. However, as long as we fully understand and grasp the characteristics of New Coronavirus pneumonia, the mode of transmission and preventive measures, we should actively implement the "four early" strategy for epidemic prevention and control, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment, and implement the joint prevention and control mechanism to the grass-roots level, and establish a nationwide effective network for prevention and control, along with the future development of specific COVID-19 vaccines. We will certainly be able to put the new coronavirus in prison with the development of new coronavirus and the extensive vaccination of the population, as well as the successful screening of active and effective antiviral drugs. At the same time, we should continue to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including active exercise and enhancing personal immunity.